Here, we leveraged the physiological diversity and species richness of Anolis lizards to examine the evolutionary dynamics of three key traits: heat tolerance, body temperature, and cold tolerance. Although adaptive radiation proceeds along various phenotypic axes, the island effect of faster evolution has been mostly tested with regard to morphology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates 2004.Phenotypic evolution is often exceptionally rapid on islands, resulting in numerous, ecologically diverse species. Molecular markers, natural history, and evolution. Have giant lobelias evolved several times independently? Life form shifts and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan and highly diverse subfamily Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae) BMC Biol. Phylogenetics of Darwiniothamnus (Asteraceae: Astereae)-molecular evidence for multiple origins in the endemic flora of the Galápagos Islands. doi: 10.2307/2657013.Īndrus N, Tye A, Nesom G, Bogler D, Lewis C, Noyes R, Jaramillo P, Francisco-Ortega J. Breeding system and pollination of selected plants endemic to Juan Fernández Islands. doi: 10.1111/j.Īnderson GJ, Bernardello G, Stuessy TF, Crawford DJ. Anatomy and evolution in the Macaronesian Sonchus subgenus Dendrosonchus (Compositae: Lactuceae) Bot J Linn Soc. Evolutionary success via adaptive radiation in oceanic islands, therefore, is less a novel feature of island lineages but rather a continuation of tendency for successful adaptive speciation in lineages of continental source regions.Īdaptation Anagenesis Biogeography Cladogenesis Robinson Crusoe Islands Speciation.Īldridge AE. Perhaps more importantly, the progenitors of adaptively radiated groups in islands are those that have already been successful in adaptations to different environments in source areas, and which have also undergone eco-geographic speciation. It is suggested that immigrants tending to undergo adaptive radiation are herbaceous perennial herbs, with leaky self-incompatible breeding systems, good intra-island dispersal capabilities, and flexible structural and physiological systems. Life form, dispersal mode, and total number of species in progenitors (genera) of endemic angiosperms in the archipelago were investigated from literature sources and compared with modes of speciation (cladogenesis vs. The critical question is why do some groups radiate adaptively and others not? The Juan Fernández Islands contain 105 endemic taxa of angiosperms, 49% of which have originated by adaptive radiation (cladogenesis) and 51% by anagenesis, hence providing an opportunity to examine characteristics of taxa that have undergone both types of speciation in the same general island environment. This transformational speciation, or anagenesis, is also common in oceanic archipelagos. Others successfully arrive and establish viable populations, but they remain in the same ecological zone and only slowly diverge over millions of years. Not all island immigrants, however, follow this evolutionary pathway. From one successful immigrant population, dispersal into different island environments and directional selection can rapidly yield a series of morphologically distinct species, each adapted to its own particular environment. Adaptive radiation is a common evolutionary phenomenon in oceanic islands.
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